Efficiency of Gypsum and Compost for Restoration of Wastewater Irrigated agricultural Soil and Spinach Growth

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in wastewater irrigated agricultural soils has become a serious environment concern due to its
toxic effects on organism and the food chain. Possible eco-friendly solutions for Cd immobilization were required to reduce its
mobility through biochar. This study evaluated the comparative efficiency of vegetable waste induced compost and on Cd mobility and its accumulation in spinach which is highly Cd accumulating crop. Results showed that the soil chemical properties pH, EC and bioavailable Cd concentration were significantly altered after these amendments. Concentration of Cd decreased in CaCl2 extract by 57.03% and 55.74% when gypsum and compost were applied at 3% application rate respectively, relative to control. Moreover, the Cd contents in the spinach shoots and roots were significantly decreased and thereby increased spinach shoot and root dry biomass, Furthermore, incorporation of gypsum and compost has prominent effect on chlorophyll contents. Overall, compost and gypsum at 3% application rate demonstrated positive results as soil amendments for Cd immobilization and thereby, reducing its bioavailability in the Cd contaminated soil to mitigate food security risks.