Economically Optimal Rate of N-P-K Fertilizers of Fodder Maize for Central Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Low inherent nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) soil concentrations are the major impediments to achieving realistic agronomic benefits in Central Punjab, Pakistan. Fodder is one of the cheapest sources of quality fodder but yet to have precise fertilizers recommendations. Therefore, exploring the optimum dose of N-P-K fertilizers for fodder maize is necessary to obtain the potential harvest. The present study was conducted on multiple farmers’ lands in Central Punjab, Pakistan during 2015-2019. The treatments of fertilizers N, P₂O_5, and K₂O used in this study were 0–0–0 (control), 0–60–30, 65–60–30, 130–60–30, 195–60–30, 130–0–30, 130–30–30, 130–90–30, 130–60–0, 130–60–15, and 130–60–45 kg ha^-1. The experimental design in each field was a completely randomized block design with three replications. All P, K, and half of N were applied at sowing. The second half of N was applied at 0.75-meter plant height. The results showed that fresh maize fodder yield was increased as the levels of NPK were increased. Compared to the recommended dose (T₄) of N-P-K, the modified dose (T₈) of N-P-K increased the maize fodder yield by 8.02% with a better benefit-cost ratio and marginal rate of return. Similarly, on the basis of the benefit-cost ratio and net benefit, 195-60-30 and 130-90-30 kg ha^-1 of N-P₂O₅-K₂O were found more beneficial. Therefore, these N-P-K doses can be recommended for farmers growing maize fodder in Central Punjab, Pakistan.