Environmental Stress and Climatic Hazards in Plants and its Control Through Nanotechnology: A Review

Abstract

<p>Various heavy salts accumulate in the soil causing salinity to the soil and damaging biological processes occurring in plants such as
photosynthesis and light reactions. Climate change also promotes heavy metal accumulation by promoting chemicals in leaf and
root cells that cause leaf wilt. Burning coal releases large amounts of mercury metal which has toxic effects on plants. Biological
and mechanical treatment methods should be designed to remove salts and hazardous wastes from the surface so that no
vegetation eruption occurs on the surface. Nanotechnology has used nanoparticles to capture toxic metals through a more reliable
and less expensive biological and chemical process. Various types of nanoparticles in the form of graphene oxide nanoparticles,
graphite oxide and CNTs, neutral silica materials have been used to control heavy metal pollution. These nanoparticles are
compatible with plant growth by preventing plant diseases by acting directly on phytopathogens. Therefore, it is reliable to
control the risk of environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. </p>