A Systematic Review on Heavy Metals Stress in Plants

Abstract

Heavy metals like Cd, Pb, and Cr are significant environmental pollutants, especially in areas with high levels of anthropogenic stress. Because phytotoxins from soil organisms and environmental health adversely affect the safety of foodstuffs and economics, cultivation, and environmental health, the build-up by heavy metals in the soil has attracted much attention in agricultural production. The plant’s importance and their metabolic movement are in and ecological redistribution of heavy metals by air, water, and soil pollution. The consequence of heavy metals poisoning is the unnecessary increases of ROS (reactive oxygen species) which can affects the inactivation of enzymes, damage of DNA, and other interactions of plant cells. In this review, we describe the different heavy metals effects on plant’s growth and productivity, and their toxic effects on plant’s. Due to the stress of heavy metals in plants the production of the crops is reduced, it also disturbs the root growth and shoots of plants. Heavy metals stress stops the plant’s growth and height of the plants. Due to heavy metals stress on plants, the production of fruits becomes decreases as a result stress of heavy metals the production of yield decrease.