Interactive Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Nickel Stress at Germination Stages in Two Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to explore ethnopharmacological abilities of an important local tree i.e., Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. Ex. DC.) Wight & amp; Arn. of Family Combretaceae in terms of its phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity against two gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), two gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia and Burkholderia cepacia) and two fungal strains (Rhizopus stolonifer and Trichoderma viridae). The maceration method was employed for the extraction of crude extracts in polar and non-polar solvents, i.e., n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethanol, and distilled water. The phytochemistry showed the presence of many components such as tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinone, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The antimicrobial activity was screened by using the agar-well diffusion method. The results showed that crude extracts exhibited higher antimicrobial activity, although less than the different antibacterial and antifungal standard discs, i.e., Amikacin (30ug), Streptomycin (30ug) and Griseofulvin (30 ug). The highest zone of inhibition was formed by Ethanol bark extract, i.e.,30.67±0.33mm against Burkholderia cepacia followed by 28.33±0.88mm and 27.33±0.88mm zones of Ethanol bark against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. While the highest zone of inhibition against fungal strains was formed by Ethanol leaf extract, i.e., 36.67±0.33mm against Rhizopus stolonifera and Chloroform bark extract, i.e.,36.33±0.34mm against Trichoderma viridae, respectively.